Implementations of Electronic Gadget by Malaysian Government in Teaching and Learning Procedure in Government Primary School Essay Example

Implementations of Electronic Gadget by Malaysian Government in Teaching and Learning Procedure in Government Primary School Essay This chapter discusses about the research background, statement of problem, purpose of the study, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, scope of study and limitation of the study. 1. 1Background of the Study Technology in education can be defined as an electronic network for finding, collecting, storing, processing, transporting and conveying information effectively, rapidly and many (Ahmad Fuad Othman, 2003). Technology education is one area related to facilitating student learning and interest in the implementation of teaching and learning in schools (Division of Educational Technology, 2012). According to the Division of Educational Technology (2012) again, technology education is a combination of processes and tools involved in addressing educational needs and problems, with emphasis on the application of the latest tools such as computers and related technology. Educational technology can also be defined as a field of practice and ethical practices to facilitate and improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning through the production, use and management of resources and appropriate technology process (Karti Suharto, 1990). On January 12, 2009, Bernama Online report of the Director General of Education, Datuk Alimuddin Mohd Dom said that the Ministry of Education would first study the effectiveness of the e-book program, which was launched in the state, before being extended in the countrys education system. We will write a custom essay sample on Implementations of Electronic Gadget by Malaysian Government in Teaching and Learning Procedure in Government Primary School specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Implementations of Electronic Gadget by Malaysian Government in Teaching and Learning Procedure in Government Primary School specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Implementations of Electronic Gadget by Malaysian Government in Teaching and Learning Procedure in Government Primary School specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to the report, the state of Terengganu e-book pilot program that provides laptops to students to replace school books. However, for the time being the use of a textbook manual is still relevant because some schools experiencing problems including no electricity infrastructure and computing facilities. He is keen to capitalize on the rapid development of educational technologies to facilitate the teaching and learning process, including the use of digital textbooks. Through this technology, students no longer have to carry heavy bags loaded with a variety of textbooks and exercise books to school. I-pad for example, has taken over the role of textbooks and notebooks in several schools in Asia. It is undeniable that technological progress is very instrumental in peoples lives. Advances in technology with human-like life cannot be separated. With the advances in technology we are able to obtain a variety of information available in parts of the world. Technological advances would cause such a big change on the lives of people in various fields and such great impact on the cultural values of the society adopted, including life style of thinking. Technology designed to facilitate every human activity. Technology has a wide range of countless varieties. One of the most popular examples of technology in the era of globalization is a electronic gadget. Some people have even often hearing the word electronic gadget. But not many of them who understand what is meant by the instrument itself. A few years ago among the tools belonged only to smooth procuring employment. However, now owned by each tool was among. This is due to the diverse shapes of parts and very interesting as well as a variety of other functions to communicate as well as to share, create, and entertain with audio, video, photographs, writings, music and so on. As one who lived in the era of globalization, we need to follow all developments that occur in particular in the field of technology as a tool. However, it should be noted that the facilities provided by the device not only created a positive effect but also pose a negative impact. Therefore, we should be careful in using this technology. . 2Statement of the Problem 1. 2. 1 Issue-Based Teaching Traditional Havice (1999) has classified that involves the use of traditional teaching methods textbooks and lectures alone. Stinson amp; Claus (2000) stated that the equipment in a traditional classroom is equipped with rows of tables and chairs along with a chalkboard in front of him, while according to Neo amp; Rafi (2007), the traditional teaching and learning is the chalk and talk or methods of use transparency (OHP), while the media used is a printed book as a textbook. Many teachers are currently said to be creative to use appropriate methods to attract students to the school. This is according to a statement issued by Mohd Ali Hassan, President of the National Parent Collaboration (MAPIN) in Star Online and Utusan Online, (2004) that school teachers now are getting disappear creativity in the interests of students. Although times have changed, but also the information technology is advancing, but we can see that the majority of teachers in our country is still the status quo. They still act like a frog under a coconut shell. Although there are a variety of teaching methods that can be implemented in the classroom, but they still tend to use the traditional method of using textbooks and blackboards in the process of teaching and learning (T amp; L). It is acknowledged that many teachers are not creative in teaching methods and learning in the classroom. Therefore, they will take the easy way by using the blackboard and textbooks alone, without having to burden the mind in search of useful activities and facilitate students to understand what they learn. In addition, there is the teachers who consider the textbook alone is sufficient in process R amp; D and there is no initiative to refer to reference books or other media material, although has been recognized that waves the textbook itself has certain drawbacks. Teachers seem to be taught to self-style shock without realizing that their students do not like to learn by simply using only a chalkboard. No one taught using a blackboard, but if only this method alone may be adopted by teachers from early years to the end of the year, the students will easily get bored in the classroom. Not just teachers who are not creative, but with whats provided by the teacher, has indirectly made mind students being frozen and not creative. This item also had agreed by Muhammad Sobri (2002), in which he says that teachers who teach with just using textbooks as education, just to prove that he is not creative to create an atmosphere of joy and ultimately make them tired and student class- students do not get new ideas. As a result, students minds are frozen and not creative. When students are bored in class, so indirectly they are no longer interested to learn and concentrate on their teacher. Ng Ying (2004) study where he found that one of the reasons students are not interested in pursuing studies in the classroom is because the pattern and the pattern of their boring lessons. Many of the students who will be absent from class when theyre not interested in learning the subject, because in their minds even in the class, they will not understand what the teacher teach them, the better they get away with skipping class way . This item was approved by Rokiah Ahmad (2001) in which he found that the one of the reasons students skip class is because they do not understand what is taught by their teachers. Effects in the long run, if things are not resolved, then the students academic performance will decline, as has been recognized by Abu Hassan (2000) where his research found that teachers approach the biggest factor why student performance plummeted. In addition, the decrease in motivation to learn among students is also due to the homogeneous nature and form of teaching-way (teacher-student) in the majority of teachers. According to Mohd Fazreen (2003), conducting by teachers learning to use only as a textbook lesson material can cause bland atmosphere and thus give rise to boredom among students. If this continues, then it will bring negative effects to the students, then teachers need to realize that every student is different, the way of acceptance of students in the class are also very different. Not all students will understand and see if the teacher only using only the blackboard when teaching in the classroom. Wan Zahid (1993) argues that effective learning styles among students depends on the motivation and the means of teaching introduced by the teacher. When many of the techniques and methods mixed up, it can digest skilled students to discuss, expression, co-operation, and mastery learning through mentoring skilled teacher. Furthermore, teachers should use the latest teaching aids such as the use of computers, internet, and other software. This is because the use of certified technology can improve the quality of teaching and student learning. Provided, teaching materials must be developed to accommodate so they relate to the learning objectives and benefit the students. Efforts should be consolidated in the change traditional teaching methods to process a student-centered teaching. Therefore teachers should use various teaching methods and then to adapt the teaching methods to students interests and learning styles in order to provide a positive impact on their students. 1. 2. 2 The Effects of The Use of Electronic Gadget To Children Nowadays, we can easily found children as young as two years old are playing with an electronic devices and gadgets anywhere. That is not only the video games that make the children stay, it is also includes television, mobile phones and smart phone application, computers, tablet computers, PSP games and etc. Children tend to be active consumers because many electronic products and gadgets commercial have been targeted to young children market. Parent may find it easier to make their children stay in one place by giving them a gadget to play with. Everything has its usefulness and also its negative aspect on over-exposed to the devices and gadgets. Besides the abovementioned points, let us look at the benefit of using the devices. For younger children below preschool age, the gadgets may positively help them to stimulate their senses and imagination. Some may helps to promote listening ability, learning of sounds and also speaking ability. Electronic devices and games play positive effects in encourage cognitive learning and development of analytical skills. This may helps in build-up innovative thinking, investigative skills, strategic thinking and foster the creativity potential of kids. They may improve manual dexterity and making the children computer literacy. Besides that being an educational and learning media, a lot of people have an opinion that they are good medium to distract peoples stress and providing fun and entertainment to them. It is started to enhance the confident level of the children by mastering certain games. It also helps to develop a good coordination of eye, hand and mentally coordination over a period of time. Most of the games designed to encourage kids to moving levels and earning score to survive the game. This may have positively encouraging quick mathematical and engineering skills. Besides that, it also motivates goods attitudes of always moving ahead in life for achieving their aims. 1. 3Purpose of Study As we know, the using of electronic gadgets is becoming popular in our country. This study aims to investigate the perceptions of parents in the implementation of electronic gadgets use in teaching and learning in government primary schools. This study aims to investigate the awareness of parents about this proposal, knowledge of parents in the use of electronic gadgets, parent opinion on the pros and cons of using electronic gadgets and attitudes of students in the use of electronic gadgets. In addition, parents are asked to comment about the implementer of this new system, either it should or should not be implementing in Malaysia. Parents were also asked to give suggestions for improve the implementation of electronic gadgets in education or a different system. 1. 4Objective of Study This study has a number of objectives to be achieved by the researcher. The objectives are: 1. 4. 1 To find out awareness among parent about using of electronic gadget in school. 1. 4. 2 To explore parent’s knowledge in using electronic gadget. 1. 4. 3 To identify cause and effect of using of electronic gadget by students. 1. 4. 4 To determine the problem and to recommend a solution in using of electronic gadget. 1. Research Question To achieve the above stated objectives of the study, the following research questions were raised: 1. 5. 1 What is the parents perception in using of electronic gadget in school? 1. 5. 2 What is the knowledge of parents in using electronic gadget? 1. 5. 3 What are the causes and effects of using of electronic gadget by students? 1. 5. 4 What is the opinion and recommendation of parents on stude nt attitude problem in using electronic gadget? 1. 6Significance of the Study Researchers are working through this research done is beneficial to all parties involved. Between the interests of this study have some interesting things that 1. 6. 1 This study will help parents give their opinions and suggestions about the use of electronic gadgets in teaching and learning in government primary schools will be implemented by the Ministry of Education (MOE) to be appropriate and beneficial to their children. 1. 6. 2 The study will enable the Ministry of Education (MOE) to review the implementation of the use of electronic gadgets in education in government primary school after receiving feedback from the public, especially the parents. 1. 6. The study also hopes to enlighten people that using electronic devices in education has advantages and disadvantages. 1. 7Scope of the Study Researchers have selected a few locations or scope of the study area to perform this task. After discussion, we have chosing : †¢ Sekolah Rendah Agama Bersepadu, Batu Pahat †¢ Area Johor Bahru, Johor Some of the reasons we chose these locations because it refers to th e objectives of the study, parents in urban and rural areas have different suggestions and opinions on the implementation of the use of electronic tools in teaching and learning in government primary schools. Therefore, the selection of Sekolah Rendah Agama Bersepadu, Batu Pahat and Johor Bahru area became the location or scope of our study. The respondents are 100 parents between the ages of 40 years and under and 40 years and above whose have children studying in government primary schools randomly selected for this study. The data collected via questionnaires were distributed from July 19 to July 26, 2013. Implementations of Electronic Gadget by Malaysian Government in Teaching and Learning Procedure in Government Primary School Essay Example Implementations of Electronic Gadget by Malaysian Government in Teaching and Learning Procedure in Government Primary School Essay This chapter discusses about the research background, statement of problem, purpose of the study, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, scope of study and limitation of the study. 1. 1Background of the Study Technology in education can be defined as an electronic network for finding, collecting, storing, processing, transporting and conveying information effectively, rapidly and many (Ahmad Fuad Othman, 2003). Technology education is one area related to facilitating student learning and interest in the implementation of teaching and learning in schools (Division of Educational Technology, 2012). According to the Division of Educational Technology (2012) again, technology education is a combination of processes and tools involved in addressing educational needs and problems, with emphasis on the application of the latest tools such as computers and related technology. Educational technology can also be defined as a field of practice and ethical practices to facilitate and improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning through the production, use and management of resources and appropriate technology process (Karti Suharto, 1990). On January 12, 2009, Bernama Online report of the Director General of Education, Datuk Alimuddin Mohd Dom said that the Ministry of Education would first study the effectiveness of the e-book program, which was launched in the state, before being extended in the countrys education system. We will write a custom essay sample on Implementations of Electronic Gadget by Malaysian Government in Teaching and Learning Procedure in Government Primary School specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Implementations of Electronic Gadget by Malaysian Government in Teaching and Learning Procedure in Government Primary School specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Implementations of Electronic Gadget by Malaysian Government in Teaching and Learning Procedure in Government Primary School specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to the report, the state of Terengganu e-book pilot program that provides laptops to students to replace school books. However, for the time being the use of a textbook manual is still relevant because some schools experiencing problems including no electricity infrastructure and computing facilities. He is keen to capitalize on the rapid development of educational technologies to facilitate the teaching and learning process, including the use of digital textbooks. Through this technology, students no longer have to carry heavy bags loaded with a variety of textbooks and exercise books to school. I-pad for example, has taken over the role of textbooks and notebooks in several schools in Asia. It is undeniable that technological progress is very instrumental in peoples lives. Advances in technology with human-like life cannot be separated. With the advances in technology we are able to obtain a variety of information available in parts of the world. Technological advances would cause such a big change on the lives of people in various fields and such great impact on the cultural values of the society adopted, including life style of thinking. Technology designed to facilitate every human activity. Technology has a wide range of countless varieties. One of the most popular examples of technology in the era of globalization is a electronic gadget. Some people have even often hearing the word electronic gadget. But not many of them who understand what is meant by the instrument itself. A few years ago among the tools belonged only to smooth procuring employment. However, now owned by each tool was among. This is due to the diverse shapes of parts and very interesting as well as a variety of other functions to communicate as well as to share, create, and entertain with audio, video, photographs, writings, music and so on. As one who lived in the era of globalization, we need to follow all developments that occur in particular in the field of technology as a tool. However, it should be noted that the facilities provided by the device not only created a positive effect but also pose a negative impact. Therefore, we should be careful in using this technology. . 2Statement of the Problem 1. 2. 1 Issue-Based Teaching Traditional Havice (1999) has classified that involves the use of traditional teaching methods textbooks and lectures alone. Stinson amp; Claus (2000) stated that the equipment in a traditional classroom is equipped with rows of tables and chairs along with a chalkboard in front of him, while according to Neo amp; Rafi (2007), the traditional teaching and learning is the chalk and talk or methods of use transparency (OHP), while the media used is a printed book as a textbook. Many teachers are currently said to be creative to use appropriate methods to attract students to the school. This is according to a statement issued by Mohd Ali Hassan, President of the National Parent Collaboration (MAPIN) in Star Online and Utusan Online, (2004) that school teachers now are getting disappear creativity in the interests of students. Although times have changed, but also the information technology is advancing, but we can see that the majority of teachers in our country is still the status quo. They still act like a frog under a coconut shell. Although there are a variety of teaching methods that can be implemented in the classroom, but they still tend to use the traditional method of using textbooks and blackboards in the process of teaching and learning (T amp; L). It is acknowledged that many teachers are not creative in teaching methods and learning in the classroom. Therefore, they will take the easy way by using the blackboard and textbooks alone, without having to burden the mind in search of useful activities and facilitate students to understand what they learn. In addition, there is the teachers who consider the textbook alone is sufficient in process R amp; D and there is no initiative to refer to reference books or other media material, although has been recognized that waves the textbook itself has certain drawbacks. Teachers seem to be taught to self-style shock without realizing that their students do not like to learn by simply using only a chalkboard. No one taught using a blackboard, but if only this method alone may be adopted by teachers from early years to the end of the year, the students will easily get bored in the classroom. Not just teachers who are not creative, but with whats provided by the teacher, has indirectly made mind students being frozen and not creative. This item also had agreed by Muhammad Sobri (2002), in which he says that teachers who teach with just using textbooks as education, just to prove that he is not creative to create an atmosphere of joy and ultimately make them tired and student class- students do not get new ideas. As a result, students minds are frozen and not creative. When students are bored in class, so indirectly they are no longer interested to learn and concentrate on their teacher. Ng Ying (2004) study where he found that one of the reasons students are not interested in pursuing studies in the classroom is because the pattern and the pattern of their boring lessons. Many of the students who will be absent from class when theyre not interested in learning the subject, because in their minds even in the class, they will not understand what the teacher teach them, the better they get away with skipping class way . This item was approved by Rokiah Ahmad (2001) in which he found that the one of the reasons students skip class is because they do not understand what is taught by their teachers. Effects in the long run, if things are not resolved, then the students academic performance will decline, as has been recognized by Abu Hassan (2000) where his research found that teachers approach the biggest factor why student performance plummeted. In addition, the decrease in motivation to learn among students is also due to the homogeneous nature and form of teaching-way (teacher-student) in the majority of teachers. According to Mohd Fazreen (2003), conducting by teachers learning to use only as a textbook lesson material can cause bland atmosphere and thus give rise to boredom among students. If this continues, then it will bring negative effects to the students, then teachers need to realize that every student is different, the way of acceptance of students in the class are also very different. Not all students will understand and see if the teacher only using only the blackboard when teaching in the classroom. Wan Zahid (1993) argues that effective learning styles among students depends on the motivation and the means of teaching introduced by the teacher. When many of the techniques and methods mixed up, it can digest skilled students to discuss, expression, co-operation, and mastery learning through mentoring skilled teacher. Furthermore, teachers should use the latest teaching aids such as the use of computers, internet, and other software. This is because the use of certified technology can improve the quality of teaching and student learning. Provided, teaching materials must be developed to accommodate so they relate to the learning objectives and benefit the students. Efforts should be consolidated in the change traditional teaching methods to process a student-centered teaching. Therefore teachers should use various teaching methods and then to adapt the teaching methods to students interests and learning styles in order to provide a positive impact on their students. 1. 2. 2 The Effects of The Use of Electronic Gadget To Children Nowadays, we can easily found children as young as two years old are playing with an electronic devices and gadgets anywhere. That is not only the video games that make the children stay, it is also includes television, mobile phones and smart phone application, computers, tablet computers, PSP games and etc. Children tend to be active consumers because many electronic products and gadgets commercial have been targeted to young children market. Parent may find it easier to make their children stay in one place by giving them a gadget to play with. Everything has its usefulness and also its negative aspect on over-exposed to the devices and gadgets. Besides the abovementioned points, let us look at the benefit of using the devices. For younger children below preschool age, the gadgets may positively help them to stimulate their senses and imagination. Some may helps to promote listening ability, learning of sounds and also speaking ability. Electronic devices and games play positive effects in encourage cognitive learning and development of analytical skills. This may helps in build-up innovative thinking, investigative skills, strategic thinking and foster the creativity potential of kids. They may improve manual dexterity and making the children computer literacy. Besides that being an educational and learning media, a lot of people have an opinion that they are good medium to distract peoples stress and providing fun and entertainment to them. It is started to enhance the confident level of the children by mastering certain games. It also helps to develop a good coordination of eye, hand and mentally coordination over a period of time. Most of the games designed to encourage kids to moving levels and earning score to survive the game. This may have positively encouraging quick mathematical and engineering skills. Besides that, it also motivates goods attitudes of always moving ahead in life for achieving their aims. 1. 3Purpose of Study As we know, the using of electronic gadgets is becoming popular in our country. This study aims to investigate the perceptions of parents in the implementation of electronic gadgets use in teaching and learning in government primary schools. This study aims to investigate the awareness of parents about this proposal, knowledge of parents in the use of electronic gadgets, parent opinion on the pros and cons of using electronic gadgets and attitudes of students in the use of electronic gadgets. In addition, parents are asked to comment about the implementer of this new system, either it should or should not be implementing in Malaysia. Parents were also asked to give suggestions for improve the implementation of electronic gadgets in education or a different system. 1. 4Objective of Study This study has a number of objectives to be achieved by the researcher. The objectives are: 1. 4. 1 To find out awareness among parent about using of electronic gadget in school. 1. 4. 2 To explore parent’s knowledge in using electronic gadget. 1. 4. 3 To identify cause and effect of using of electronic gadget by students. 1. 4. 4 To determine the problem and to recommend a solution in using of electronic gadget. 1. Research Question To achieve the above stated objectives of the study, the following research questions were raised: 1. 5. 1 What is the parents perception in using of electronic gadget in school? 1. 5. 2 What is the knowledge of parents in using electronic gadget? 1. 5. 3 What are the causes and effects of using of electronic gadget by students? 1. 5. 4 What is the opinion and recommendation of parents on stude nt attitude problem in using electronic gadget? 1. 6Significance of the Study Researchers are working through this research done is beneficial to all parties involved. Between the interests of this study have some interesting things that 1. 6. 1 This study will help parents give their opinions and suggestions about the use of electronic gadgets in teaching and learning in government primary schools will be implemented by the Ministry of Education (MOE) to be appropriate and beneficial to their children. 1. 6. 2 The study will enable the Ministry of Education (MOE) to review the implementation of the use of electronic gadgets in education in government primary school after receiving feedback from the public, especially the parents. 1. 6. The study also hopes to enlighten people that using electronic devices in education has advantages and disadvantages. 1. 7Scope of the Study Researchers have selected a few locations or scope of the study area to perform this task. After discussion, we have chosing : †¢ Sekolah Rendah Agama Bersepadu, Batu Pahat †¢ Area Johor Bahru, Johor Some of the reasons we chose these locations because it refers to th e objectives of the study, parents in urban and rural areas have different suggestions and opinions on the implementation of the use of electronic tools in teaching and learning in government primary schools. Therefore, the selection of Sekolah Rendah Agama Bersepadu, Batu Pahat and Johor Bahru area became the location or scope of our study. The respondents are 100 parents between the ages of 40 years and under and 40 years and above whose have children studying in government primary schools randomly selected for this study. The data collected via questionnaires were distributed from July 19 to July 26, 2013.

Georgia Price Kayleigh Dean CYP Core Essays

Georgia Price Kayleigh Dean CYP Core Essays Georgia Price Kayleigh Dean CYP Core Essay Georgia Price Kayleigh Dean CYP Core Essay A figure of factors must be considered when be aftering environments that are healthy and safe. Outdoor countries for kids and immature people need to be planned to let vigorous drama with minimal hazard. When holding an out-of-door country in any puting it is of import to provide the kids with full waterproof vesture. This ensures the kids stay warm and dry whatever the conditions. This besides helps maintain them dry when playing with H2O and messy clay and sand. When be aftering an activity it is ever critical to do certain the activity is set in the right environment ; for illustration when utilizing motorcycles, tricycles and scooters. These should be ridden outside when there is non adequate infinite to utilize the equipment indoors, which could be unsafe to yourself and other kids. Every kid is an single with different demands depending on features such as ; age, intelligence, size, strenuosity and abilities. You must see this when planning activities for kids, for illustration when they are involved in physical drama. More consideration should be given to the demands of a kid who has merely become nomadic than to an older kid, when be aftering room layouts. Children who have specific demands such as centripetal damages would necessitate more support with hearing or seeing instructions. Extra signage or mark linguistic communication would assist a kid with limited hearing to understand what to make. The different demands of households and carers must be considered when be aftering for both indoor and out-of-door activities. Always be clear about why you are utilizing the type of environment for an activity and how the kid will see each activity. : The responsibility of attention of to kids, parents and carers is a legal duty that must be adhered to at all times. You should ever hold the child’s safety and public assistance uppermost in your head when planning activities. All activities associated with kids and immature people should hold clear purposes and aims that are based around the needed results linked to their age. An illustration of this is Early Years Foundation Stage ( EYFS ) for kids under 5 old ages of age. Lines of duty and answerability ; everyone employed in a scene has a duty for the wellness and safety of kids and staff, but there should be clear describing responsibilities ( Tassoni et al, 2010 ) . Using Hazard Appraisals are an first-class manner in cut downing the hazards of accidents. This is a procedure of placing a hazard and entering points that cut down this hazard to an absolute lower limit. A popular method of bring forthing a Hazard Assessment is to hit the hazard from 1-5, record actions that will cut down the hazard, and so to re-score the hazard after using these actions. All Hazard Appraisals should be updated on a regular basis so that the identified risk/s are monitored and remain safe for all those who use the scene. The age, development and capablenesss of kids should ever be considered as each single kid is different and all develop at their ain gait. A kid who is two would non hold progressed to the rate of a three or four twelvemonth old. Therefore, it is of import to be after activities sagely in order for kids of all ages and capablenesss to make their highest capablenesss. All scenes must follow the public assistance demands set down in the EYFS, which are to safeguard and advance the public assistance of kids. To advance good wellness of the kids and take necessary stairss to forestall the spread of infection. Take appropriate action when they are sick and to pull off behaviour efficaciously and in a mode appropriate for their phase of development and peculiar single demands. These are legal demands and must be followed carefully in all scenes. Children with specific larning troubles or physical disablements should hold activities they can take portion in where they can larn and besides bask. These kids should ever hold full entree to the edifice and all indoor and out-of-door activities. This could include the usage of mechanical/electronic lifts and inclines. Access to disenable lavatories are critical when sing handiness of the edifice. Staff preparation must include for the usage of lavatories by handicapped people. Each scene should hold a safe dependable security system to keep childrens safety and public assistance. The usage of a watchword for each kid could be adopted. Merely authorised grownups should cognize the watchword and it should be changed on a regular footing. This is to guarantee that no 1 but the parent or an authorised individual can pick the kid or immature individual up. Routine cheque of security should be made daily such as, entry phones, locks, visitant books, subscribing in or out and name badges should all be checked to command entry and issue at all times. Having a clean and safe environment is critical. Toys and all equipment should be checked on a regular basis to guarantee there are no crisp borders or they are broken. If a plaything is broken this is disposed of if non fixable. Surfaces should be clean for the kids and all unsafe substances, cleansing merchandises are locked off ( COSSH, 2002 ) . Toilets should be checked to maintain them clean and replace lavatory axial rotation or manus wash if needed, this will forestall the hazard of infection. Personal Protective Equipment ( PPE ) should be worn e.g. baseball mitts and apron when fixing bites, altering diapers and covering with a bloody lesion. This is besides to forestall the hazard of infection. Children should ever be prompted to rinse their custodies after utilizing the lavatory, before feeding or when they are merely foul which stops the spread of all the sources. All nutrient and drink in the scene should be in day of the month and stored at the right temperature and besides prepared hygienically. Allergy control must ever be obeyed and in my scene we have a no nut policy, which helps prevent against serious allergic reaction. All staff will hold their Disclosure Barring Services ( DBS ) cheques and are responsible to update them when needed to. All kids should hold an single kid cheque to research the advancement of a kid to guarantee they have reached their mileposts. This cheque besides helps to acquire to cognize the kid independently. Reporting all accidents and hurts ( RIDDOR, 1995 ) to the accident book is ever of import so we can ever advise the parent or calling of the accident. When sing medicine it is indispensable that the precise dose sums are written down by the parent and given to staff. This should besides include for the right storage of the medicine giving consideration to temperature etc. etc. When a kid is given medicine it is indispensable to observe down the clip when given to the kid to guarantee against dual doses are administered. First assistance boxes should ever be on premises in instance of accident or hurt. Not all scenes are built for the intent of a child care puting so be aftering should take into history the manner in which the scene should work as a safe and healthy environment. As portion of our responsibility of attention, a child’s wellness and safety should be the overruling rule when planning activities. 1.2 Safety is a basic human demand, a safe environment is one in which the kid or grownup has a low hazard of going injured or ailment. When working with kids it is critical you know how to supply a healthy safe environment, but besides to supervise and keep the environment. When supervising the environment it is critical we carry out Risk Assessments daily, this is a procedure in which we identify any hazards and happen ways to forestall that hazard to a lower limit. Policies and processs are put into topographic point to do clear what the puting intends to make and how they intend to maintain their environment every bit safe as possible, for all kids and staff members. There are times when, for safety grounds, everyone must follow waies and do as they are asked, to cut down the hazard to themselves, equals and the practicians. All members of staff including new staff, supply staff, pupils and voluntaries must be made cognizant of the contents of the schools wellness and safety policies. This is to guarantee every member of staff are cognizant of what regulations to follow, which helps to keep wellness and safety in the scene. One of the chief grounds for keeping a safe environment is accident bar. All scenes should supervise its wellness and safety, and the environment is on a regular basis checked ( both before and during activities ) to guarantee that it is both healthy and safe for grownups and kids. Children should be supervised at all times and that there is equal grownup supervising for any activities that are to be undertaken. The figure of grownups needed to be present, will depend on the figure of kids taking portion, the age of those kids involved, and the type of activity planned. This is so we can supervise the kids and maintain them every bit safe as possible. Checking the out-of-door country, come ining the edifice, look intoing that the equipment is safe to utilize, safety of kids, safety in all countries of drama ( both indoor and external ) , kitchen/food readying, lavatories, fire drill etc. etc. Using a procedure for monitoring, which includes following a everyday that if it is working right so go on. However, if something is working falsely so alteration or accommodate the modus operandi as needed. When geting at work before the kids arrive, hazard appraisals are carried out both indoors and out-of-doorss, look intoing the equipment is safe to utilize. Toilets besides need to be on a regular basis checked to guarantee they are safe to utilize. The kitchen is on a regular basis checked to guarantee it is safe for staff to fix nutrient but besides to look into that all cookery installations are switched off if non in usage. A first assistance box should ever be kept so it is seeable for all staff to see in the event of an exigency. First Aid boxes should besides be checked to guarantee the right equipment is stocked up if required. Everyday safety cheques should be made daily on premises both indoors and out-of-doorss. Every forenoon in the setting staff will transport out what is called a Risk Assessment of both countries to place and put on the line with any any possible hazards removed. A Hazard Assessment is a utile tool in assisting us to significantly cut down the likeliness of any accidents and hurt when working with kids or immature people. A Hazard Assessment can assist to alarm staff and kids to possible dangers and suggests reasonable steps which will cut down the possible hazard of that danger doing injury or hurt. Hazard Appraisals are a critical portion of both keeping and supervising the Health and Safety in every scene. The direction of wellness and safety at work ordinances 1999 ( originally 1992 ) ( in England, Wales and Scotland ) have had a major impact on the ways in which we control wellness and safety criterions. Employees must set about a scope of undertakings including Hazard Appraisals, doing agreements for the planning, organisation, control, monitoring and reappraisal of wellness and safety steps. Employees must ever set up exigency processs, supplying the right wellness and safety information and all the right preparation. Policies and processs play a immense portion in doing people cognizant of the regulations and the possible dangers of jeopardies. In my scene we have our policies and processs displayed on the walls so it is easy seen by parents and visitants, which allows them to acknowledge that we follow them right. Posters are a good manner of acquiring kids to understand the potency of hazards and jeopardies. It is critical our kids have some cognition of what is safe and what is non safe, with big images assisting to indicate them out. We are encouraged to work every bit safely as possible by following the settings policies and processs. Working in a squad and sharing information helps to guarantee and keep a safe environment for all to bask. 1.3 Workplace’s policies and processs: Guidance is non jurisprudence and is non mandatory ; nevertheless there are many different beginnings of counsel that a scene can utilize in order to be after a healthy and safe environment. 1.3.1 Hazard Appraisals Hazard Appraisals are a legal demand chiefly under the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999, although most wellness and safety statute law requires a hazard appraisal attack. Risk Appraisals must be recorded and should be assessed sporadically in cases such as ; following an accident, on the debut of any new process/equipment and besides any alteration in fortunes. Educational visits besides require a written Risk Assessment. There is a booklet of the most often used locales in the staff room, incorporating Hazard Appraisals. There is besides a booklet incorporating Risk Appraisals for each group in the same topographic point. All staff and group leaders must guarantee that they have read these paperss before shiping on a trip and must subscribe to admit this each clip they take students on a trip as portion of the subscribing out process. Shown below are the names of the staff helping with the appraisal procedure every bit good as inside informations on when they will be carried out and our updating systems. 1.3.2 Accidents Even in a safety witting environment accidents may still happen. This is how we deal with them. All accidents to our staff or students will be recorded and investigated, as appropriate to happen out what happened and how any similar incident can be avoided. Under the First Aid at Work Regulations 1981, employers have to guarantee that there are equal and appropriate equipment and installations for supplying first assistance in the workplace. This should include agreements for first assistance based on a Risk Assessment of the school. 1.3.3 Health A ; Safety Executive ( HSE ) – Relates to all different types of work related issues and they cover all facets of wellness and safety in different environments such as accidents, risky substances, sick wellness, Risk Assessments, protective equipment, public assistance installations, first assistance and occupational wellness. The chief purpose through the counsel of the HSE, whatever environment or industry, is to assist people understand the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, to assist people follow with the jurisprudence. It should be noted that the HSE are besides an administration that provides aid and counsel and can be contacted to reply inquiries of support. Every scene should hold a transcript of the latest legalization and counsel paperss relevant to their service. Health and safety legalization and policy purposes to do certain that all workers, kids, immature people and households are safe and protected from injury when in or utilizing services. Some illustrations of these statute laws associating to wellness and safety in the kid attention puting can be seen overleaf: 1.3.4 Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 Employers have responsibility to do your workplace every bit safe as possible, every scene should expose a wellness and safety jurisprudence posting or supply employees with a cusp with the same information, which are available from the HSE. All employees need to make up ones mind how to pull off wellness and safety ; if the scene has more than five employees, this must look on a written wellness and safety policy. Employees besides have the responsibility to work safely and if you are given counsel about how to utilize equipment, you must follow that counsel. An illustration of a type of counsel is Manual Handling Operations Regulations ( 1992 ) ’ , which covers how to raise heavy objects in the right mode. This counsel includes information such as raising the weight with your pess apart, articulatio genuss set and back unsloped, utilize both custodies to guarantee a secure clasp, maintain your shoulders level, your back unsloped and easy unbend your legs. To set down the burden, take the weight on the legs by flexing the articulatio genuss. We follow this every twenty-four hours in our scene before the kids arrive. When we are puting up for the twenty-four hours, this involves transporting heavy objects from the shed and taking them indoors, raising heavy tabular arraies and traveling them. As practicians it is of import to follow this to cut down hazard to yourself. 1.3.5 C0SSH ( Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations ) 2002 To hold a safe workplace you will necessitate to carefully usage and shop cleansing stuffs like bleach and germicide and other potentially risky substances. Items such as bleach, anti-bacteria rubs, some dissolver gums and other stuffs in the scene that can be toxic. You should hold Risk Appraisals that informs you about these dangers and what to make to understate the hazard involved. Any new member of staff should be made cognizant of what to make in every circumstance. Every work topographic point should hold a COSSH file which lists all the risky substances used in the scene. The file should detail such information: where they are kept ; how they are labelled ; their effects ; the maximal sum of clip it’s safe to be exposed to them ; and how to cover with an exigency affecting one of them. Never mix any merchandises together as they could bring forth toxic exhausts. Some bleaches and cleansing merchandises, for case have this consequence. In our puting all our cleansing merchandises are kept in the kitchen ( where kids are non allowed ) in a high closet that lone staff members can make.

Authobiographical essay Scholarship Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Authobiographical - Scholarship Essay Example I was born in Russia in a little southern town, Goriachy Kluch. I studied in a local high school and had always been a top student getting positions and certificates. I was also an active participant of my hometown’s Union of the Young Painters and won the best picture contest in my hometown in year 2000. I feel proud to tell that I graduated from high school with the highest honors and received full scholarship for admission in Rostov State University for BA in Finance and Credit. It was like my constant struggle through every thick and thin had started bearing fruit. My teachers and professors always considered me a student worthy of reward. I graduated from the university in year 2007 again with highest honors and received full scholarship for admission in the Masters programme in the same university. Once again, my honesty and hard work was given its due reward. Life had something special in store for me. I met my future husband, got married, and then had to move to the Un ited States with him. Now, it has been two years since I shifted to the US. Since, I had always been the type of person with high goals and ideas, I thought of pursuing my education and career once again. Along with looking after my married life, I made adjustments in my routine and got admission in a college in the Accounting discipline. Thanks to my husband’s moral support and encouragement, I am in my third semester right now. I have clear plans to get my AA degree which would lead me towards my BA degree in Accounting. After that, I plan to pass a CPA exam to become a CPA. Besides this, in order to satisfy my helpful and sympathetic nature, I work as a volunteer helper for an old couple here in California who does not have any relations to look after them. Nothing pleases me more than helping people out especially those who are in dire need of help. My application for scholarship might be plain but is very

Cosmetic Composition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cosmetic Composition - Essay Example A brief introduction of some of the frequently used chemicals is given below and their effects on the skin are also discussed. Tretinoin also commonly known as Retin-A is a chemical derived form vitamins and is usually used for the treatment of acne. Later it was discovered that it can also be used for the elimination of small wrinkles. After this discovery, cosmetic companies ritually started including vitamin A in their cosmetics claiming it to be highly beneficial, others disagreed and stated that Retin A actually irritates and puffs up the skin which gives it a smooth wrinkle free look. Secondly fruit acids generally popular as Alpha Hyroxy Acids (AHA) claimed to gently remove the dead skin cells revealing softer and smoother inner layer. Later on studies revealed that AHA’s should not be used very frequently since they can serve to be drugs rather than cosmetic and it was also prohibited since it is very frequently used by non trained beauticians which can bring about ver y serious damages to the skin. The very popularly used exfoliants can also be very damaging and hazardous to the skin since they serve to remove the dead and mature skin cells revealing and exposing the premature skin cells to dust and ultraviolet rays. In the absence of the adult skin cells, the premature ones have a tendency to age and dry out rapidly. (Leslie, 100) Use of Masks and Serums and its Impact on the Beauty Industry The basic concerns of individuals, as far as skin is concerned is aging spots and areas affected by the ultraviolet rays. Skin specialists have been focusing their concentration on these problems so that they can be easily tackled and taken care of. The extract of Magnolia Sieboldii is used to address the problem of photoaging and also for the prevention of wrinkles. Its extract has the ability to protect the skin cells from the sun rays and ensures minimum skin damage by suppressing the damage of the skin cells and DNA. It also contains within itself the pr operty of reducing the wrinkles that appear on the skin with time, it does so by providing growth to the synthesis of collagen simultaneously retarding the growth of collagenases. Hence it is widely used in sunblocks, and also in anti ageing masks and serums. Other natural active ingredients used in cosmetics are alcohol, aloe vera, amino acids, avocado oil, beeswax, cucumber extract etc. Their useful affects on skin cells and body are as discussed. Alcohol is used in a lot of cosmetics for the purpose of skin firming and disinfecting it. Aloe vera is considered to be very effective in treating damaged and dry skin, providing it moisture and a soothing effect. It regenerates the dead and mature skin cells. Beeswax is simply the wax produced by the bees and is known to be effective for the protection and moisture locking in the cells. Avocado is a multipurpose fruit which is used for eating as well as in the cosmetic industry. Its extracts are immediately absorbed by the skin making it supple without a fatty appearance to it. It maintains and revitalizes the working of the lipid barrier making lamellar coverings which give the skin a unitone complexion along with flexibility. (Valerie, 219) Benefits of Cosmetic Composition Cosmetics may have hazardous effects on the skin but if used wisely and in the right proportion can make the skin

Teligions of Southeast Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Teligions of Southeast Asia - Essay Example The beings that reside in these inter-penetrable mediums often hold corresponding formations as well as varying mixtures of actions. Temiars envisage a corresponding allotment of potentially independent souls in diverse beings ranging from humans, plants, animals, along with landforms; all possessing the respective segments, such as heart as well as soul for humans. Attached souls would be discharged as free spirit particularly in form of a vision, dream, along with infirmity. The collective entities of either â€Å"upper or lower, as well as bound or unbound† souls ensure association, as well as convey information among humans along with nonhuman mediums as noted by Roseman (6). Temiar precepts also suggest that this connection of resemblance forms the basis for dream as well as trance encounters hence endorsing a song symphony, apart from enhancing infirmity. This is when free medium’s in spirit form; from the bodies of both wilderness, as well as settlements are liab le of involving humans in optimistic exchanges as spiritguides, or wicked ones acting as infirmity agents. Wilderness is not against settlement as in the case of risk when compared to safety, which is often exhibited in Malays; with both realms experiencing compassionate and awkward dimensions. Over the dreams, the free unbound head soul of the halaa’s would be attached to either the free upper or lower spirits of various natural bodies, such as a tree or a tiger, whom would guarantee their aspiration to operate as the â€Å"dreamer’s spiritguide† (Roseman 6). The interaction will then be endorsed via a song performance from the spiritguide to the halaa. Subsequently, by conveying the song through a ritual performance, the halaa might become obsessed with the vision, accent, as well as the ideology of the spiritguide. Reciting the song should automatically connect the character with the spiritguide; hence he or she would be presented as a halaa for the spirits; the character may then detect as well as cure infirmity. According to (Roseman 21), the songs would recommend the beings to follow a certain path. The spiritguide can then point at a respective route in the song; then the halaa, with the aid of the spiritguide, might convey the song, explaining the visions as well as views, as observed by the spiritguide in its excursions. The outlined route would connect diverse entities involving the spiritguide, and halaa among other ritual partakers. The Temiars explanation presumes that the core influence of the route reflection is derived from their persistent journeys and everyday duties such as traveling within the jungle, and the river ways traversing the wilderness alongside the settlements (Roseman 8). The invasive sensate acquaintance with the path is often assigned a figurative outlook within the basic metaphor, whereas tracing the route, and mastering the path across the jungle, entails imperative intellects in Temiar culture (Roseman 2). Conversely, failing to master the path, as well as getting mislaid in the wilderness would be fatal. Besides, infirmity often arise when an individual’s liberated head soul have been waylaid. As reported by Roseman (8), diagnosis as well as remedy entails â€Å"singing a way, of finding the head soul,† alongside driving it back to the settlement. Though, if the chorus line slips ups while reciting halaa’s first phrase, the being might be considered to have missed the route. The song

Cash Flow Management and Forecasting | Case Study

Cash Flow Management and Forecasting | Case Study Cash flow management Cash flow management is the process of monitoring, analyzing and adjusting business’ cash flows[1]. â€Å"Cash is king† is the often heard business clichà ©, yet it is borne out of reality. It is monitoring of actual cash flows against the cash flow projections for the period, analyzing the reasons for variation and then implementing the necessary actions to manage business financials. Cash flow management is based on cash flow projections which is different than profit and loss account and, in times of cash shortage, may be more important (Oxford, 1997). Importance of preparing a cash flow forecast A cash flow forecast shows the projects in flows and out flows of cash in a business. It is an important tool in cash flow management as it helps to identify the gaps in cash over the projected period. Let’s look at the importance of cash flow forecast for different stakeholders Owner / investor. Cash flow forecast shows the maximum shortfall in cash during the projected period and gives idea about maximum capital funding is required. Banks / lenders. It helps in analysing the credit worthiness of the business and matches it with lenders’ appetite for risk. It also shows whether business will generate sufficient cash over time to meet repayments. Creditors. If business is not in a strong position, creditors like to see cash flow forecast to analyse whether to give stock on credit and under what terms. Cash flow forecast Annexure I shows the cash flow forecast for the year ending 31 Dec 2004. It shows minimum cash balance of  £0 in February 2004 and is based on the following assumptions: Sprint X is a high street sport shop with no sales on debtor accounts. All sales immediately result in cash in flows. The profits generated are small and hence company pays no tax. The projected bank balance on 31st Dec 2004 is  £26,500. This is because Sprint X has yet to make the stock payments of  £12,500 for December 04 as these are due in January 2004 only. Though the minimum balance is  £0 in February 2004, in reality it might be even lower. The intra-month cash position could be even worse because of the following: The above cash flow forecast of  £0 in February 2004 is based on month end. Monthly rent of  £2,500 for March is due on 1st March 2004. So the cash balance on 1st March 2004 could be as low as - £2,500. Payment terms and dates of utility providers and suppliers. Payment dates of bank charges. Advantages of using a spreadsheet for cash flow forecasting Spreadsheet software for personal computers is a powerful tool for cash flow forecasting. Its major advantages are: Arithmetic errors are virtually nonexistent (Horngren, Sundem Stratton, 1998) It is easier to operate and understand than using professional financial packages. Small business owners don’t need to understand financial jargon for building and updating cash flow forecasts. It reduces the tedium of carrying out repetitive calculations. If actual cash flows in a month are different from the projections, it would change the following month end cash flows. Spreadsheet model makes it much easier to update cash flow forecasts. Sensitivity analysis. Spreadsheet cash flow model also makes it more convenient in analysing the impact of variation in different sales and cost elements on the cash flows. Bankruptcy due to cash flow problems Sprint X could go bankrupt if runs out of cash to make payments to its creditors. Creditors can then take force Sprint X into liquidation. Sprint X has to order supplies before it can sell them and once it orders and receives deliveries, it is liable to pay whether or not it is successful in selling them. Based on the cash flow projections in Appendix I, John and Mary expanded the business with  £2,500 additional capital for rent payment on 1St March 2004. Suppose sales in both February and March 2004 are  £5,000 less than the budgeted amount. The cost of goods is 60% of sales on average (based on ratio of annual cost of goods to annual sales). Though the cash receipts are lower in February and March, the benefit of lower cash outflows would be seen in March and April only due to one month lag in credit payments. Appendix II shows the revised cash flow forecast. Sprint X has a negative cash of  £5,000 at the end of February 2004. Even after adding an initial capital inflow of  £2,500, the company is no cash to meet full supplier payments for February and rent on 1st March 2004. Under such scenario, both suppliers and landlord can take the company to liquidators. Even though the company may end year with more cash than initial capital inflow, yet its inability to tide through emergencies may force it into liquidation. Strategies for effectively controlling cash flow problems Regular entry of receipts and payments will keep the cash flow updated and will give owners sufficient time to take care of shortfalls, if any. Analysis of trends will help in taking timely decisions of cost cutting to reduce cash outflows or to plan for higher sales. Owners shouldn’t take out cash from the business based on single month’s net cash flows. The picture may be distorted due to one month delay in higher stock payments. They should look at the year end figures and maximum cash requirements before taking out any earnings. The company should establish a line of credit with a bank which will not only take care of maximum cash requirements but also leave some headroom for any emergencies. Owners should keep business account separate from personal accounts to get clear cash position of the business. Reconcile monthly bank statements for both deposits made and cheques drawn. Use of financial recording system to manage Sprint X’s business finances Sprint X should fortnightly look at the sales trends and plan future expenditure accordingly. Regularly updation of cash flow forecast based on the latest trends will help in planning for any shortfall in funding gap. It should also use financial recording system to keep a tab on inventory to prevent excess inventory build-up. This will prevent unnecessary goods write-off and losses. Trends in fashion change very fast and a good company should keep an eye on what is selling and what is just occupying shelf space and requiring unnecessary working capital. Appendix I – Sprint X’s cash flow forecast Jan-04 Feb-04 Mar-04 Apr-04 May-04 Jun-04 Jul-04 Aug-04 Sep-04 Oct-04 Nov-04 Dec-04 Jan-05 Receipts Invoiced sales 15,000 20,500 35,000 35,000 35,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 0 15,000 20,500 35,000 35,000 35,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 0 Payments Stock (3,000) (17,500) (17,500) (17,500) (12,500) (12,500) (12,500) (12,500) (12,500) (12,500) (12,500) (12,500) (12,500) Telephone (1,000) (1,000) (1,000) (1,000) Electricity (1,500) (500) (500) (500) (500) (500) (500) (500) Rent (2,500) (2,500) (2,500) (2,500) (2,500) (2,500) (2,500) (2,500) (2,500) (2,500) (2,500) (2,500) Wages (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) (2,500) (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) Bank loan (3,000) (3,000) (3,000) (3,000) (3,000) (3,000) (3,000) (3,000) (3,000) (3,000) (3,000) (3,000) (10,500) (26,000) (26,500) (25,500) (21,000) (20,500) (20,500) (21,500) (20,500) (20,500) (21,500) (20,500) (12,500) Net cash flow 4,500 (5,500) 8,500 9,500 14,000 (500) (500) (1,500) (500) (500) (1,500) (500) (12,500) Opening bank balance 1,000 5,500 0 8,500 18,000 32,000 31,500 31,000 29,500 29,000 28,500 27,000 26,500 Closing bank balance 5,500 0 8,500 18,000 32,000 31,500 31,000 29,500 29,000 28,500 27,000 26,500 14,000 Appendix II – Sprint X’s cash flow forecast with reduced Feb and Mar sales Jan-04 Feb-04 Mar-04 Apr-04 May-04 Jun-04 Jul-04 Aug-04 Sep-04 Oct-04 Nov-04 Dec-04 Jan-05 Receipts Invoiced sales 15,000 15,500 30,000 35,000 35,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 0 15,000 15,500 30,000 35,000 35,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 0 Payments Stock (3,000) (17,500) (14,500) (14,500) (12,500) (12,500) (12,500) (12,500) (12,500) (12,500) (12,500) (12,500) (12,500) Telephone (1,000) (1,000) (1,000) (1,000) Electricity (1,500) (500) (500) (500) (500) (500) (500) (500) Rent (2,500) (2,500) (2,500) (2,500) (2,500) (2,500) (2,500) (2,500) (2,500) (2,500) (2,500) (2,500) Wages (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) (2,500) (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) (2,000) Bank loan (3,000) (3,000) (3,000) (3,000) (3,000) (3,000) (3,000) (3,000) (3,000) (3,000) (3,000) (3,000) (10,500) (26,000) (23,500) (22,500) (21,000) (20,500) (20,500) (21,500) (20,500) (20,500) (21,500) (20,500) (12,500) Net cash flow 4,500 (10,500) 6,500 12,500 14,000 (500) (500) (1,500) (500) (500) (1,500) (500) (12,500) Opening bank balance 1,000 5,500 (5,000) 1,500 14,000 28,000 27,500 27,000 25,500 25,000 24,500 23,000 22,500 Closing bank balance 5,500 (5,000) 1,500 14,000 28,000 27,500 27,000 25,500 25,000 24,500 23,000 22,500 10,000 Bibliography Horngren, C.T., Sundem, G.L. Stratton, W.O.; â€Å"Introduction to management accounting†, Eleventh Edition, Prentice Hall International, Inc., 1998 Oxford (1997); â€Å"Dictionary of Finance and Banking†, Oxford University Press, Second Edition, 1997. [1] http://sbinfocanada.about.com/cs/management/g/cashflowmgt.htm

Racial Equality and the Abolition of Slavery in France :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Racial Equality and the Abolition of Slavery in France When Abbà © Sià ¨yes wondered, "What is the Third Estate [or are slaves]? Nothing. What has it [have they] been until now in the political order? Nothing. What does it [do they] want? To be become something†¦" (65), he could have just as easily spoken of slave's misery rather than the Third Estate's plight. While, his scope was limited, his pains were not. Following their first revolution, the French National Assembly helped to change the world. Enlightened, they saw, they defined, they tried to ease all of mankind's suffering. Finally, the term man began to transcend color. If man has rights, they must apply to all men. And thus, the concept of racial equality is born. I will argue in order to achieve this end, and to prove the necessity of racial equality, Enlightened thinkers exposed flaws in current social philosophy, demonstrated the logical conclusions of their progress, and finally addressed the implications of abolition. Marquis de Condorcet was an outspoken advocate for all forms of human rights-religious, gender, political and especially racial. In his "Dedicatory Epistle to the Negro Slaves" he writes: My Friends, Although I am not the same color as you, I have always regarded you as my brothers. Nature formed us with the same spirit, the same reason, the same virtues as whites†¦Your tyrants will reproach me†¦indeed, nothing is more common than the maxims of humanity and justice†¦ Reducing a man to slavery†¦[takes] from the slave not only all forms of property but also the ability to acquire it†¦ (56). Condorcet employs the technique of de/humanizing his subjects to display the arbitrary nature of slavery. Moderates, slaves, and whites-anyone could achieve slave status under these random means. Society needs to prevent subordination. The white Condorcet speaks almost in apostrophe; the style of his introduction greatly resembles an ode. Addressing the slaves in this manner gives even more deference to the lowly slaves. Similarly, the slaves have been elevated to "My Friends," further humanizing their cause. Although Condorcet was a well-respected member of the National Assembly, he relates to the slaves how "he is not one of the them." The ordered diction again serves to equate a white man to a slave. This segment's tone lacks both condescension and sarcasm. He nearly supplicates to the slaves for their quintessence. His friends-the blacks-are his brethren. If he shares spirit, virtues, and reasons with slaves, what is to distinguish them?

Could Eddie have succeeded without the help of Netta Essay

‘Mabo’ is an Austalian TV film which was released in 2012 which depicts the life of Eddie koiki Mabo utilizing narrative techniques and elements in which a typical drama consists of. Eddie Koiki Mabo is played by Jimi Bani and his wife Bonita/Netta Mabo was played by Deborah Mailman, the film was directed my Rachel Perkins and produced by BlackfellaFilms and the ABC. The principal story of Eddie’s journey from an exiled Murray islander to a justice fighter employed a conventional narrative flow, as well as a secondary narrative component of Eddie and Netta’s relationship, however do these two concepts of the film relate to one other. The story of Eddie Mabo’s success for the fight for freedom and justice was effectively shown over a 40 year time span yet is it clear that Eddie Koiki Mabo could not have succeeded without Netta? I am puzzled upon this question as there are many different facts and points that are indirectly raised during the film which are based on; the courage within Eddie himeself, Eddie and Netta’s children, and Eddie’s experiences before he met Netta. Throughout Australian history we have seen many acts of men and women fighting for the entitlements of the indigenous people however the most respected and recognized of these is Eddie Mabo whom of which stood up for the rights of his people from a very young age all the way to his death. Mabo battled for the right to own his land which he had inherited and with that came a directive to change the policies and laws of the government. One of the many ways he accomplishes these tasks and gains success is by courage. Eddie had courage from a young age which made him able to accomplish many objectives throughout his life time even before he met Netta and we see this just before he gets exiled from Murray Island. Killoran wanted Eddie to work on his green truck however Eddie has the courage to turn down this offer. â€Å"im not going to work as a slave†. However when Netta was involved in Eddie’s life we still see a lack of her support in some cases as she does not have the same will power and courage as Eddie. When Eddie first wanted to stand for his kind and make a change to the indigenous people, Netta did not support him from the beginning, ‘black causes now ive heard it all†. Nevertheless she may not have always agreed with Kioki but she always managed to stand by his side and support him in every way she could, e.g the marches. So with that we establish that it was Eddie’s courage who led him  to his victory however he did have support during the course of his journey. Even though MABO could be pictured as a film about a man and a woman who saw great injustice and tried to change it, the theme could also be a personal cost of a public campaign to a family who have inadequate financial means and only love and determination to get them through. Netta and Eddie are both hard working people who make an effort to try and get things done and through their pride and determination they are able to accomplish great things. Eddie fights for the rights and pride of his people while Netta stands by his side as well as constantly supporting the children by looking after them and working to provide food for them. Eddie was a focused and determined man and we see this throughout the film, one part was when Netta asked Eddie â€Å"what if you don’t win†, Eddie replies â€Å"DON’T YOU DARE!.† Perkins purposely put this scene it to show the dedication and resilience Eddie Mabo had in order to gain justice for his people, however Eddie would not be able to accomplish such tasks if it wasn’t for the strength and provisional care that Netta had for his children. Therefore without Netta’s assistance with the children Eddie couldn’t have been able to successfully focus on winning the court case f or the future of his children. â€Å"People that go to the mainland, they forget everything†. Benny Mabo said this to Eddie before he left Murray Island and it was because of this I think Eddie was so strongly willing to make a change for his people, to make the people from the mainland remember where they were from and to provide for these people with the same benefits as the white men. Eddie’s focus for the benefits of his kind was beyond the imagination of the people around him; even Netta â€Å"I’ll give you black causes† was what Netta said when Eddie was explaining about the rights for their people. Eddie’s plan from the beginning, before he met Netta was to make a change, when he was asked to work on Killorian’s green truck and he refused, and it was obvious enough that it was his experiences, with his dad, that encouraged him to have such a mentality. Evidently enough when Eddie was trying to go back to see his dad we see Netta in the cubical looking upon Eddie as he was frustrated because he was unable to see his dad. This idea of Eddie being alone symbolized that he must accomplish his objectives alone, â€Å"IM going to make history†(dining room scene), as he began his journey alone and stood alone at the pier when wanting to go back to Murray Island. Eddie’s idea of change originated from  the teachings of his father, as we see the constant flashbacks throughout the film, not because of the involvement with Netta. Rachel Perkins successfully show the story of Eddie Mabo’s success for the fight for freedom and justice was effectively shown over a 40 year time span yet is it clear that Eddie Koiki Mabo could not have succeeded without Netta? This question is highly acceptable upon both sides and views of the argument, based on; the courage within Eddie himeself, Eddie and Netta’s children, and Eddie’s experiences before he met Netta.

Human Cognition and System Design Essays

Human Cognition and System Design Essays Human Cognition and System Design Essay Human Cognition and System Design Essay Name: Lecturer: Course: Date: Human Cognition and System Design Introduction This paper will serve to analyze the Linux software application from a human information processing perspective. Primarily, the Linux software application is a computer operating system with a Unix-like design assembled from the open source and free software distribution and development. Originally developed to perform as an operating system for personal Intel x86 based computers (Dibris, 5). The software application has been ported to a wider variety of computer hardware platforms. The development of the Linux design is considered the most prominent example of open and free source collaboration of software. In this regard, this paper will hence focus the Linux software design and its consideration on human information processing capabilities, memory, perception, attention and learning. Memory The memory concept in this case implies the various ways through the user of the Linux software can interact or otherwise communicate with the computer system. Recognition is considered an easier strategy to use compared to recall when using the Linux software application. Regarding recognition, Linux offers the users with appropriate recognition stimuli. However, the application has been programmed with limited information as too much would divert the attention of the user or confuse them. The software application implements the use of programmed intelligence to provide appropriate stimuli for tackling the task presented by the user (Dibris, 7). The Linux software application is both a command line interface and a graphical user interface. The hard way of learning commands is through remembering them. Keying in commands the user had already typed on the previous or current console amounts to tedious or unnecessary effort. Instead of retyping a previous command, the software application offers a variety of options that save time for the user when remembering older commands used in current or earlier sessions. For example, the first option involves keying in the control key plus R prior to issuing the command. This acts by initiating the command re-caller through backward mode. This occurs with the most recent command being presented as the first. The user can now type part or the whole characters of the command he or she is searching. Once the command is found, the user is expected to hit the enter button and the command will be initiated. The Linux visual representation includes a pearl script that is capable of reading the traffic counters of the computer’s routers, and a fast program that creates presentable graphs representing the monitored network connection. In addition to its detailed view, the Linux software application is capable of creating traffic visual representations visited in the previous seven days, five weeks, or three months. This made possible from its ability to keep a log of the entire data from the router. Additionally, since the Linux software application of graphical user interface nature, it therefore represents programs, directions, and files through spatial relations and pictures. In the graphical user interface, the user has a simpler choice of choosing commands by manipulating or activating pictures –for example, dragging an icon or clicking on a button with the mouse device. The graphical user interface is intended to make the computer easier to use by simplifying decisions and tasks, and creating visual representations that the user can easily relate. A significant aspect of the Linux software application revolves around its ability of raising the user efficiency in user memory as well as usage over interfaces with text bases. The Linux software program not only utilizes chunking and encodes information; it also offers streamlined ways of finishing tasks taking into account the expectations and needs of the user. However, it is prudent to understand that the Linux software program fails to support its user’s in remembering how to use it in certain ways. This is manifested through its shortcut ability to identify previous or currently used commands. This is thought to induce a lazy culture to the user since he or she does not have to remember the main components of a command. The main challenge is however realized when entering a new command. Attention Computer systems using the Linux software application output their signals through actuators. With these displays, the system acts or reacts to the environment. Developments in software creation have enabled the user to process information from their auditory and visual senses. The Linux software application uses graphical programming language for the execution of many processing functions, sound generation and processing, and video. The timing of this software is versatile and can be communicated to other computers through a network. The graphical nature prompts the incorporation of visual user interface. Though it is good with its timing, its quality of being timeline based becomes a hindrance when the user is considering interactive structures (Hives, 8). Other authoring tools are also incorporated within the Linux software program. A high level for programming languages has a speeding effect on the development process and is a tradeoff in terms of flexibility. If the user deems that an application needs maximum flexibility, he or she can use low-level programming. The Linux software program is also user computer interface of high nature that involves multiple sense interactions, real time interaction and simulation, including visual, auditory and tactile. In addition, there are certain Linux software programs that use multimodal user interfaces that combine two or more human senses in their interaction with other computers (Hives, 14). The design of this program was achieved based on the needs of blind computer users. This was to enable them to control and perceive information in an effective and efficient way. However, research maintains that the audio user interface is not a particularly efficient interaction solution even it is the most used with blind computer users. The efficiency of the tactile user interface in accomplishing certain tasks is considered similar to the interface for audio senses. Perception The Linux interface helps its users understand the sensory information they receive in a number of ways. The Linux software program possesses a lot of information related to how it runs. The memory and hardware of the system, current processes and the user’s latest activity information is made available by the system. In many cases, the user can view the system information through specified commands (Z?agar, 25). A number of these commands are specifically written to give information. The rests of these commands are intended to alter the system to include ways of viewing the current state of the system. In certain cases, the user can understand the received sensory information through configuration files and system information. Majority of these files are in the form of plain text. This enables the user to view the basic commands that output the content of a file to the command line. Among the simplest commands designed for reading the information system is ‘arch’. This command gives back the computer’s architecture. A different set of commands give the user information relating to processes running within the system. One commonly used command process is ‘top’. This gives the user a continuous update on the process responsible for consuming the most memory space of the computer system. ‘Pstree’ is a command that gives the user a highlight of parent and child processes- meaning processes that start others. Ultimately, the Linux interface utilizes previous knowledge to enable the user understand the sensory information they receive. Among this is the collection of logs from experiences. Majority of these logs can be read using standard reading commands, but this is dependent on the distribution (Welsh, 18). In this case, some logs may be in the form of a specialized format and hence require reading with a special command. However, the Linux software program at times fails to support the perspective of perception. In this regard, the interface does not provide information on certain processes or the information itself is too complicated for the user to understand. Learning Linux interface has been designed to be user friendly and includes tips intended to help the user learn how to use the application. Similar to Microsoft windows, the Linux system files are arranged in a structure resembling the hierarchical directory format. Linux gives the user a graphical interface that gives them an easy time in understanding how to use it, and still allows those with the knowledge to change settings to a different user. Primarily, the interface allows the user to understand that everything in the system will henceforth be treated as a file (Welsh, 24). The user uses this file to make a drawing or write a text. The system lets the user understand that the written texts or drawings made will have to sorted and stored for easy location. Behind every configured option, there lie simplified readable text files the user can edit to their best suit. The current versions of the Linux interface are incorporated with graphical user interface to guide the user through the program. There is another option where the user can choose to gain full control of the program through manual adjustment of the configuration files. The design of the Linux interface is based on the premise that every person gaining access to the system has their personal username and password (Welsh, 45). Every single file has a source group and user and possesses certain attributes. In addition, the program provides the user with an opportunity of feeding it with a command to attain certain information. This enables the user to learn on a variety of processes associated with the interface. Conclusion The intensity of using Linux on laptops and standard desktop computers has been under constant rise in the recent past. The current versions include a graphical user environment. With regard to the objective of this paper, the major findings gave rise to the conclusion that Linux software program has been designed in the form of a user-friendly interface. In terms of human cognition to the design of the software, the paper was able to establish a positive view regarding the memory, attention, perception, and learning perspectives of the software program. However, one cannot overlook the hindrances associated with the shortcomings of the interface. Dibris, Dora. â€Å"Introduction to Linux Programming.† 2004 Tripoli Library Association. Greenspan Hotel, Tripoli. 29 March 2004. Hives, John G., Brian G. Brestan, and Ruth A. Dale. â€Å"Linux Software Program.† Human Cognitive Review 26.1 (2007): 1-16. Print. Michal, Pierce G., and Sarah Orsworth. â€Å"Technology and Human Cognitive Behavior: Review by a Group of Experts.† System Design 7.2 (2004): 121-30. Web. 11 Sep. 2012. Welsh, Matt, Matthias K. Dalheimer, and Lar Kaufman. Running Linux. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly, 2009. Print. Z?agar, Klemen, Janez Golob, and Anz?e Z?agar. â€Å"Efficient Access to Timing System’s Time in Linux User Mode.† Control Sheet. 9 (2010). Print.

Richard III essays

Richard III essays Much debate and controversy surround the rise and fall of Richard the Third. It is hard to ignore such subjects due to the bonds and hidden reasons that many of the authors of the middle ages had towards Richard. In keeping an objective approach towards Richard III, the study of his rise and fall will be taken in the perspective of his royal acts and administration of England. Public sentiment over such things as the scandal surrounding the princes did have an effect over the rule of Richard, but there are many other underlying aspects that could have extended Richards rule, and changed the way history looks back on him. Many historian look upon Richard as a villain. Others attribute this view as tainted due to the perverse nature of England following his reign, and the need for support of Henry Tudor's ascension to the throne. One aspect that almost all of the historian agree with is that Richard did have some moments where his actions were for the better of England. Looking at such actions can shed light on the true characteristics of his rule, and that he quite may have been a beneficial part of English history. Richard, Duke of Gloucester, was the brother of King Edward IV of the House of York. The House of York had been in control of the throne of England for some time now, but with the entry of the Woodvilles, was in somewhat of a decline. Elizabeth Woodville, now queen to Edward, was thought of surrounded by sorcery, influencing Edward to the bidding of the Woodvilles and their rise to power. Edward's eldest son was in the primary care of the Woodvilles at the time of Edward's death, and had become very attached to influential lords in the family. These included his uncles, Rivers and Grey. They were rising lords who sought to control the young heir and supplant the House of York of their control of the throne. Thus enters Richard. Richard was named protector of the prince and the country in Edwards will ...

B.S. in Health Sciences Team Building (Mod 5 CSA) Essay

B.S. in Health Sciences Team Building (Mod 5 CSA) - Essay Example (HR Website) Performance assessment is done regularly in an organization generally in a period of one year. The main purpose of this is to help the employees improve their performance and increase their productivity which are in line with the corporate goals of the company. With the performance evaluation, employees are able to identify their strengths and weaknesses so that they can improve themselves. Five factors are considered while evaluating the employees including job knowledge and skills, communication, interaction, quality concerns and productivity (HR Website). Telling your employees about the performance feedback is as important as doing the performance assessment because this allows the employees to become aware of what other people in the organization think about the job he or she is doing. Managers should make sure that any negative feedback should not border on a personal attack and should be kept impersonal. During past eighteen months, I think my team has not been performing up to the mark. The members of the team are not able to coordinate properly with each other and when one is working in a team, coordination amongst the team members is very important. The health care team is not satisfying the customers as it should be. As a manager, the employees are reluctant to show their dissatisfaction to me may be because of the job loses meaning that they remain good and seem hard working employees when I am watching them out. This is the case since past 13 months and when I got to know about this by repeated customer complaints, I tried to figure out the problem. And after some hard work I found out that one of the reasons for the customer's complaints was from the people working for the night shift. Employees working under night shift work with their feasibility as the manager, that is me, is not there to look after them so there is not much check and balance on them. And the supervisor, w hose work is to keep a check and balance when I am not available, is also not doing his job properly. Another problem associated is that it's in our organization that the employees are recognized for their individual work even when they are working in teams. In a way it is good because it motivates that person who is being recognized by the boss but the problem is that we do not give appreciation as to the team as a whole usually. Therefore employees are not much motivated to work as teams. (Harris, 2004) It was not an easy task to evaluate how the employees had performed in the past eighteen months. I had to actually get old of the grass root reasons. The problem was that the major issue was of the night shift people therefore the employees working in the day shift also didn't knew well. I built an evaluation form for the emoployees but no concrete result was found from that because the employees were consciously aware that they were being evaluated therefore they were producing good n might be fake answers. Because of the weak system or lazy evaluator or lack of honesty, the evaluation is highly subjective. In the evaluation process, the primary emphasis is on the past rather than on the future therefore employees might not answer properly as the chances of improvements are less (McConnell and Umiker 2005). Many times employees do not get positive feedback from the

Sociology and Culture Bachelor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sociology and Culture Bachelor - Essay Example More importantly, it is argued that zero-tolerance policy of CPS is direct schoolhouse-to-jailhouse leading way for youth. Medill News Service has reported on January 12, 2005 about a prosecution of a 17-year-old West Town youth for the brutal assault of 43-year-old motorist Shelley Lescester as he was parking his car. "'This is the first step in a long process,' Emily Leuin [sssistant state's attorney] said after the hearing, referring to similar cases dealing with a crime that qualifies a juvenile to be tried as an adult" (Bloustein, 2005). Recent increase of crime rate in Chicago, including aggravated assault, especially amongst juveniles has become a serious issue for the city council. Tracking back the history of crime rate in the past decade one can see a troubling trend emerging. In 1998 Chicago saw an unprecedented decrease of crime. From 1990 to 1998 index crimes including murder, criminal sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, theft, motor vehicle theft and arson have fallen significantly from 350,000 to 250,000 per year. "We saw this trend emerge in 1992, and except for 1994, when we saw a fractional increase, the trend has been positive ever since" said Terrance W. Gainer, Illinois State Police Director (Illinois State Police, 1998).